NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 6 — Exercise Set 6.1#
Unless stated otherwise, use $\pi \approx \dfrac{22}{7}$.
$$\text{Circumference} = 2\pi r = \pi d$$$$\text{Arc length} = \dfrac{\theta}{360°} \times 2\pi r$$
Perimeter is the length of the whole boundary — add every curved and straight part, but leave out lines that are inside the shape.
1. The perimeter of a circle is 44 cm. What is its radius? #
Solution
The perimeter (circumference) is $2\pi r$, so:
$$2\pi r = 44$$$$\Rightarrow 2 \times \dfrac{22}{7} \times r = 44$$
$$\Rightarrow \dfrac{44}{7}r = 44$$
$$\Rightarrow r = 7$$
∴ The radius is 7 cm.
2. Calculate, correct to 3 significant figures, the circumference of a circle with: (i) radius 7 cm (ii) radius 10 cm (iii) radius 12 cm. #
(i) radius 7 cm
$$C = 44$$
∴ Circumference $=$ 44.0 cm.
(ii) radius 10 cm
$$C = \dfrac{440}{7}$$
$$C = 62.857\ldots$$
∴ Circumference $\approx$ 62.9 cm.
(iii) radius 12 cm
$$C = \dfrac{528}{7}$$
$$C = 75.428\ldots$$
∴ Circumference $\approx$ 75.4 cm.
3. Calculate the length of the arc of a circle if: (i) the radius is 3.5 cm and the angle at the centre is 60°, and (ii) the radius is 6.3 m and the angle at the centre is 120°. #
(i) r = 3.5 cm, θ = 60°
We find the arc length:
$$= \dfrac{60}{360} \times 2 \times \dfrac{22}{7} \times 3.5$$$$= \dfrac{1}{6} \times 22$$
$$= \dfrac{11}{3}$$
∴ The arc is $\dfrac{11}{3}$ cm ≈ 3.67 cm long.
(ii) r = 6.3 m, θ = 120°
We find the arc length:
$$= \dfrac{120}{360} \times 2 \times \dfrac{22}{7} \times 6.3$$$$= \dfrac{1}{3} \times 39.6$$
$$= 13.2$$
∴ The arc is 13.2 m long.
4. Find the perimeter of a sector (i.e., the curved portion as well as the two straight portions) of a circle of radius 14 cm and sector angle 75°. #
Solution
We find the curved part (the arc):
$$= \dfrac{75}{360} \times 2 \times \dfrac{22}{7} \times 14$$$$= \dfrac{5}{24} \times 88$$
$$= \dfrac{55}{3} \text{ cm}$$
The two straight parts are radii, $14 + 14 = 28$ cm. So:
$$\text{Perimeter} = \dfrac{55}{3} + 28$$$$\text{Perimeter} = \dfrac{139}{3}$$
∴ The perimeter of the sector is $\dfrac{139}{3}$ cm ≈ 46.33 cm.
5. Find the perimeters of the following shapes (taking the arcs to be quarter or half or three-quarters of a circle, as appropriate) (Fig. 6.14i to 6.14ix): #
A semicircle of diameter $d$ has arc length $\dfrac{1}{2}\pi d$, and a quarter circle of radius $r$ has arc length $\dfrac{1}{2}\pi r$. Dashed lines are inside the shape and are not part of the perimeter.
(i) Rectangle 80 m × 60 m with semicircles on the short sides
The boundary is two straight sides of 80 m and two semicircles of diameter 60 m, which together make one full circle of diameter 60 m:
$$\text{Perimeter} = 2 \times 80 + \pi \times 60$$$$\text{Perimeter} = 160 + \dfrac{22}{7} \times 60$$
$$\text{Perimeter} = 160 + \dfrac{1320}{7}$$
$$\text{Perimeter} = \dfrac{2440}{7}$$
∴ Perimeter ≈ 348.57 m.
(ii) Half ring: outer diameter 12 cm, inner diameter 8 cm
The boundary is the outer semicircle (diameter 12), the inner semicircle (diameter 8) and two flat ends, each $\dfrac{12 - 8}{2} = 2$ cm:
$$\text{Perimeter} = \dfrac{1}{2}\pi(12) + \dfrac{1}{2}\pi(8) + 2 + 2$$$$\text{Perimeter} = 10\pi + 4$$
$$\text{Perimeter} = \dfrac{220}{7} + 4$$
$$\text{Perimeter} = \dfrac{248}{7}$$
∴ Perimeter ≈ 35.43 cm.
(iii) Square of side 10 cm with a semicircle on each side
The boundary is four semicircles of diameter 10 cm (two full circles):
$$\text{Perimeter} = 4 \times \dfrac{1}{2}\pi(10)$$$$\text{Perimeter} = 20\pi$$
$$\text{Perimeter} = \dfrac{440}{7}$$
∴ Perimeter ≈ 62.86 cm.
(iv) Equilateral triangle of side 12 cm with a semicircle on each side
The boundary is three semicircles of diameter 12 cm:
$$\text{Perimeter} = 3 \times \dfrac{1}{2}\pi(12)$$$$\text{Perimeter} = 18\pi$$
$$\text{Perimeter} = \dfrac{396}{7}$$
∴ Perimeter ≈ 56.57 cm.
(v) Plus-shaped grid of 14 cm squares with arcs
The figure is a $3 \times 3$ grid of squares of side 14 cm, with the four corner squares left out (a plus shape). The boundary is:
- four semicircles of diameter 14 cm, one on the outer end of each arm — together two full circles of diameter 14;
- four quarter circles of radius 14 cm, one at each corner between two arms — together one full circle of radius 14.
$$\text{Perimeter} = 56\pi$$
$$\text{Perimeter} = 56 \times \dfrac{22}{7}$$
$$\text{Perimeter} = 176$$
∴ Perimeter $=$ 176 cm.
(vi) Large semicircle of diameter 28 cm with four small semicircles
The base (28 cm) is split into four parts of 7 cm, and each part carries a small semicircle of diameter 7 cm (two below, two above). The top is a semicircle of diameter 28 cm:
$$\text{Perimeter} = \dfrac{1}{2}\pi(28) + 4 \times \dfrac{1}{2}\pi(7)$$$$\text{Perimeter} = 14\pi + 14\pi$$
$$\text{Perimeter} = 28\pi$$
$$\text{Perimeter} = 88$$
∴ Perimeter $=$ 88 cm.
(vii) Right triangle 6 cm, 8 cm with a semicircle on each side
The hypotenuse is:
$$\sqrt{6^2 + 8^2} = \sqrt{100} = 10 \text{ cm}$$The boundary is three semicircles of diameters 6, 8 and 10 cm:
$$\text{Perimeter} = \dfrac{1}{2}\pi(6 + 8 + 10)$$$$\text{Perimeter} = 12\pi$$
$$\text{Perimeter} = \dfrac{264}{7}$$
∴ Perimeter ≈ 37.71 cm.
(viii) Large semicircle of diameter 12 cm with three small semicircles inside
The top is a semicircle of diameter $4 + 4 + 4 = 12$ cm; the bottom is three semicircles of diameter 4 cm:
$$\text{Perimeter} = \dfrac{1}{2}\pi(12) + 3 \times \dfrac{1}{2}\pi(4)$$$$\text{Perimeter} = 6\pi + 6\pi$$
$$\text{Perimeter} = 12\pi$$
$$\text{Perimeter} = \dfrac{264}{7}$$
∴ Perimeter ≈ 37.71 cm.
(ix) Semicircle of diameter 20 cm with two semicircles of diameter 10 cm
The outer curve is a semicircle of diameter 20 cm. The inner curve is one semicircle of diameter 10 cm above the line and another below it:
$$\text{Perimeter} = \dfrac{1}{2}\pi(20) + \dfrac{1}{2}\pi(10) + \dfrac{1}{2}\pi(10)$$$$\text{Perimeter} = 20\pi$$
$$\text{Perimeter} = \dfrac{440}{7}$$
∴ Perimeter ≈ 62.86 cm.
6. If the diameter of a car tyre is 56 cm, then: (i) How far does the car need to travel for the tyre to complete one revolution? (ii) How many revolutions does the tyre make if the car travels 10 km? #
(i) One revolution
In one revolution, the car moves forward by one circumference:
$$C = \pi d$$$$C = \dfrac{22}{7} \times 56$$
$$C = 176$$
∴ The car travels 176 cm in one revolution.
(ii) Revolutions in 10 km
We find the number of revolutions:
$$= \dfrac{1000000}{176}$$$$= 5681.8\ldots$$
∴ The tyre makes about 5682 revolutions (5681 complete revolutions).
7. Find the total perimeter of all the petals in each of the given flowers. #
(i) Fig. 6.15A — square of side 14 cm, arcs centred at the midpoints of the sides
Each arc is centred at the midpoint of a side and joins a corner of the square to its centre. Both are 7 cm from that midpoint, and the two radii make a right angle, so each arc is a quarter circle of radius 7 cm.
Each petal is bounded by 2 such arcs, and there are 4 petals, so there are 8 quarter circles (2 full circles of radius 7):
$$\text{Total perimeter} = 2 \times 2\pi(7)$$$$\text{Total perimeter} = 28\pi$$
$$\text{Total perimeter} = 88$$
∴ The total perimeter of the petals is 88 cm.
(ii) Fig. 6.15B — regular hexagon of side 42 cm, arcs centred at the vertices
In a regular hexagon the centre is 42 cm from every vertex, so each vertex, its neighbour and the centre form an equilateral triangle. An arc centred at a vertex, from a neighbouring vertex to the centre, has radius 42 cm and angle 60°:
$$\text{One arc} = \dfrac{60}{360} \times 2 \times \dfrac{22}{7} \times 42$$$$\text{One arc} = \dfrac{1}{6} \times 264$$
$$\text{One arc} = 44 \text{ cm}$$
Each petal is bounded by 2 arcs, and there are 6 petals:
$$\text{Total perimeter} = 12 \times 44$$$$\text{Total perimeter} = 528$$
∴ The total perimeter of the petals is 528 cm.
8. The ratio of the perimeters of two circles is 5:4. What is the ratio of their radii? #
Solution
Let the radii be $r_1$ and $r_2$. The ratio of the perimeters is 5 : 4, so:
$$\dfrac{2\pi r_1}{2\pi r_2} = \dfrac{5}{4}$$$$\Rightarrow \dfrac{r_1}{r_2} = \dfrac{5}{4}$$
∴ The ratio of their radii is 5 : 4 (the same as the ratio of the perimeters).